{"id":414497,"date":"2025-10-09T10:01:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T10:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icelandictimes.com\/?p=414497"},"modified":"2025-10-09T10:56:44","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T10:56:44","slug":"vid-eigum-ad-standa-vord-um-samspil-byggdar-og-natturu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icelandictimes.com\/is\/vid-eigum-ad-standa-vord-um-samspil-byggdar-og-natturu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eVi\u00f0 eigum a\u00f0 standa v\u00f6r\u00f0 um samspil bygg\u00f0ar og n\u00e1tt\u00faru\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00e9tur H. \u00c1rmannsson, arkitekt og svi\u00f0sstj\u00f3ri hj\u00e1 Minjastofnun, er me\u00f0 fr\u00f3\u00f0ari m\u00f6nnum um byggingars\u00f6gu \u00cdslands, strauma, stefnur og st\u00f3rvirki \u00ed arkitekt\u00far h\u00e9rlendis. \u00dear sem miki\u00f0 er um framkv\u00e6mdir \u00ed borgarlandinu um \u00feessar mundir \u00e1kva\u00f0 bla\u00f0ama\u00f0ur a\u00f0 setjast me\u00f0 P\u00e9tri og r\u00e6\u00f0a skipulagsm\u00e1l \u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0um skilningi, sko\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1 vegfer\u00f0 sem Reykjav\u00edk og n\u00e1grenni er \u00e1 \u00ed \u00feeim efnum og margt anna\u00f0 sem l\u00fdtur a\u00f0 h\u00f6nnun h\u00fasa og umhverfis okkar h\u00e9rlendis.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eSkipulagsm\u00e1l eru sennilega eitt af fl\u00f3knustu vi\u00f0fangsefnum sem mannskepnan gl\u00edmir vi\u00f0, \u00fea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 m\u00f3ta sitt umhverfi,\u201c segir P\u00e9tur \u00feegar vi\u00f0 setjumst yfir snarpheitt kaffi \u00e1 kr\u00fas \u00ed h\u00fasakynnum Minjastofnunar sem eru \u00ed gullfallegu h\u00fasi vi\u00f0 Su\u00f0urg\u00f6tu 39, en \u00fear starfar P\u00e9tur sem svi\u00f0sstj\u00f3ri H\u00fasverndar-, umhverfis- og skipulagssvi\u00f0s. Spjall okkar hefst \u00e1 vangaveltum um hva\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er sem einkennir vel skipulagt \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0ahverfi og hvernig skipulagsm\u00e1l hafa \u00fer\u00f3ast \u00ed s\u00f6gulegu samhengi. \u201eEf ma\u00f0ur l\u00edtur \u00e1 hvernig borgir hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00ed gegnum s\u00f6guna \u00fe\u00e1 eru \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00fa bara oft \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0um sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 eins og herna\u00f0arsj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 sem hafa valdi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed. Ef vi\u00f0 t\u00f6kum svo til d\u00e6mis sta\u00f0setningu borga \u00fe\u00e1 ur\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e6r gjarna til \u00fear sem til sta\u00f0ar voru br\u00fdr yfir \u00e1r e\u00f0a \u00e1r\u00f3sar, \u00fear sem hafnir voru og unnt var a\u00f0 innheimta tolla. \u00dea\u00f0 voru oft sl\u00edkar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur sem l\u00e1gu til grundvallar \u00feessu. Svo m\u00e1 ekki gleyma \u00fev\u00ed, ef vi\u00f0 erum a\u00f0 tala um Evr\u00f3pu, a\u00f0 \u00fear voru oft varnarsj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 sem r\u00e9\u00f0u, og herforingjar sem skipul\u00f6g\u00f0u borgir \u00ed upphafi, bygg\u00f0u virkism\u00fara og voru st\u00f6\u00f0ugt a\u00f0 hugsa um \u00f6ryggi sitt,\u201c b\u00e6tir P\u00e9tur vi\u00f0. \u201e\u00deannig a\u00f0 borgir ur\u00f0u til innan virkism\u00fara og ur\u00f0u mj\u00f6g \u00fe\u00e9ttar, eins konar borgvirki. Saga skipulags er l\u00f6ng og fl\u00f3kin en oft \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0um er einhverjar meginl\u00ednur \u00ed \u00fer\u00f3un samf\u00e9lagsins sem liggja til grundvallar \u00feessu. S\u00ed\u00f0an \u00fer\u00f3ast borgir oft stig af stigi, \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1 eiginlega segja a\u00f0 borgir s\u00e9u l\u00edfr\u00e6nt fyrirb\u00e6ri, \u00feetta er eiginlega l\u00edfvera. \u00deetta er svo fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 fyrirb\u00e6ri a\u00f0 mannshugurinn r\u00e6\u00f0ur varla vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 taka inn alla \u00fe\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e6tti sem skipta m\u00e1li.\u201c<\/p>\n

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Hinn \u00feekkti skipulagsma\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 Danm\u00f6rku, Peder Bredsdorff, s\u00e1 g\u00e6\u00f0in \u00ed g\u00f6mlu verkamannab\u00fast\u00f6\u00f0unum \u00ed Vesturb\u00e6num sem Gunnlaugur Halld\u00f3rsson teikna\u00f0i.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Arkitekt\u00far er meira en 2000 \u00e1ra g\u00f6mul grein<\/h5>\n

P\u00e9tur heldur \u00e1fram. \u201ePers\u00f3nulega finnst m\u00e9r au\u00f0veldast a\u00f0 hugsa um \u00feetta \u2013 b\u00e6\u00f0i h\u00fasager\u00f0 og skipulag \u2013 sem reynsluv\u00edsindi, \u00fea\u00f0 sem kallast \u00e1 ensku empirical science. A\u00f0 minni hyggju \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00fea\u00f0 svona rau\u00f0i \u00fer\u00e1\u00f0urinn \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed b\u00e6\u00f0i hvernig skipulag \u00fer\u00f3ast og h\u00fasager\u00f0 hefur \u00fer\u00f3ast gegnum aldirnar; \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00feessi hugsun a\u00f0 menn uppg\u00f6tva eitthva\u00f0 n\u00fdtt, allt \u00e1 s\u00e9r einhverjar r\u00e6tur. Vi\u00f0 getum \u00fear tala\u00f0 um klass\u00edsku byggingarlistina \u00ed Grikklandi sem \u00e1 s\u00e9r r\u00e6tur \u00ed h\u00f6llinni \u00ed Knossos \u00e1 Kr\u00edt. \u00dear byrja menn a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3a \u00fea\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 \u00feekkjum sem klass\u00edska byggingarlist. Arkitekt\u00far er svo g\u00f6mul grein \u2013 menn \u00e1tta sig ekki \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan er meira en 2000 \u00e1ra g\u00f6mul. Fyrir \u00feessum 2000 \u00e1rum voru menn a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0fangsefni sem \u00ed fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu tilliti eru a\u00f0 m\u00f6rgu leyti samb\u00e6rileg vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem menn eru a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 \u00ed dag, sems\u00e9 a\u00f0 m\u00f3ta umhverfi mannsins, m\u00f3ta form og r\u00fdmi og leysa \u00e1kve\u00f0nar t\u00e6knilegar lausnir mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0. \u00deetta er svo g\u00f6mul grein, og \u00ed upphafi, og allar g\u00f6tur s\u00ed\u00f0an, f\u00f3l h\u00fan \u00ed s\u00e9r a\u00f0 sam\u00fe\u00e6tta list, t\u00e6kni og f\u00e9lagslega hugsun.\u201c<\/p>\n

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Horft yfir Sk\u00f3lav\u00f6r\u00f0uholt, \u00deingholtin og \u00fat \u00e1 Sundin bl\u00e1.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Eins og P\u00e9tur \u00fatsk\u00fdrir var \u00feessi \u00feekking \u00e1 h\u00fasager\u00f0arlist lengi vel \u00e1 einni hendi en me\u00f0 i\u00f0nbyltingunni koma til s\u00f6gunnar n\u00fdjar st\u00e9ttir; \u00fea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur meiri s\u00e9rh\u00e6fing, verkfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar taka forystuna \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3a n\u00fdjar t\u00e6knilausnir og arkitektinn ver\u00f0ur \u00e1 t\u00edmabili h\u00e1lfpartinn vi\u00f0skila vi\u00f0 fram\u00fer\u00f3unina. \u201e\u00cd dag er \u00feetta or\u00f0i\u00f0 mj\u00f6g fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 eru svo margir sem koma a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 m\u00f3ta umhverfi\u00f0,\u201c b\u00e6tir P\u00e9tur vi\u00f0. \u201eTalandi um a\u00f0 m\u00f3ta umhverfi\u00f0. Kynsl\u00f3\u00f0 Gu\u00f0j\u00f3ns Sam\u00faelssonar, sem m\u00f3tast \u00ed lok n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar og \u00ed upphafi \u00feeirrar tuttugustu, \u00e1 t\u00edmabili \u00feegar mannkyni\u00f0 tr\u00fa\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1 einskonar fullkomnun \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 var komin n\u00fd t\u00e6kni me\u00f0 endalausum m\u00f6guleikum, frj\u00e1ls vi\u00f0skipti og \u00f3fri\u00f0arb\u00e1l li\u00f0innar aldar a\u00f0 baki og menn s\u00e1u fyrir s\u00e9r a\u00f0 \u00feeir v\u00e6ru komnir \u00e1 lygnan sj\u00f3 me\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3un si\u00f0menningarinnar \u2013 \u00feessi kynsl\u00f3\u00f0 tr\u00fa\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e6tti a\u00f0 hanna og skipuleggja borgir eins og heildst\u00e6\u00f0 listaverk. Belle \u00c9poque v\u00e6ri komin til a\u00f0 vera og ma\u00f0ur finnur \u00feetta b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed sem Gu\u00f0j\u00f3n Sam\u00faelsson skrifar, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 skapa og m\u00f3ta borg \u00ed fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu tilliti me\u00f0 velfer\u00f0 \u00edb\u00faanna \u00ed huga \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00e6\u00f0sta vi\u00f0fangsefni byggingarlistar. \u00c1smundur Sveinsson myndh\u00f6ggvari tala\u00f0i l\u00edka um a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00f3ta borg s\u00e9 h\u00e1punktur \u00fer\u00edv\u00ed\u00f0rar listsk\u00f6punar \u2013 borgin sem samfellt listaverk.\u201c<\/p>\n

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Hinn \u00feekkti skipulagsma\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 Danm\u00f6rku, Peder Bredsdorff, s\u00e1 g\u00e6\u00f0in \u00ed g\u00f6mlu verkamannab\u00fast\u00f6\u00f0unum \u00ed Vesturb\u00e6num sem Gunnlaugur Halld\u00f3rsson teikna\u00f0i.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
R\u00f3tt\u00e6kar hugmyndir sem hafna \u00fev\u00ed gamla<\/h5>\n

\u00deetta reyndust \u00e1 sinn h\u00e1tt \u00e1kve\u00f0in lokaor\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00feessi g\u00f6fuga hugsj\u00f3n bei\u00f0 vitaskuld skipbrot \u00ed fyrri heimsstyrj\u00f6ldinni og heimsmyndin fallega um meinta fullkomnun mannkyns hrundi me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sama. \u00cd kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0 sneru menn baki vi\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0num hlutum \u00far fort\u00ed\u00f0inni og leitu\u00f0u \u00feess \u00ed sta\u00f0 n\u00fdrra lei\u00f0a til a\u00f0 n\u00fdta t\u00e6knina og fram\u00fer\u00f3un \u00ed fj\u00f6ldaframlei\u00f0slu til a\u00f0 b\u00faa til eitthva\u00f0 anna\u00f0 en dr\u00e1pst\u00e6ki, eins og P\u00e9tur \u00fatsk\u00fdrir. \u201eUpp \u00far \u00feessu sprettur Bauhaus sk\u00f3linn \u00ed Weimar og \u00fdmsar \u00fe\u00e6r hreyfingar \u00fear sem menn vilja gjarnan bara sn\u00faa baki vi\u00f0 fort\u00ed\u00f0inni, alfari\u00f0, og \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma koma fram mj\u00f6g r\u00f3tt\u00e6kar hugmyndir um borgarskipulag \u2013 a\u00f0 hafna gamla t\u00edmanum.\u201c<\/p>\n

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G\u00f6mlu verkamannab\u00fasta\u00f0irnir \u00ed Vesturb\u00e6num, \u201e\u00fear sem sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0i og a\u00f0 skapa manneskjulegt og gott umhverfi fara saman \u00ed tilt\u00f6lulega \u00fe\u00e9ttri bygg\u00f0, \u00fe\u00f3 \u00feannig a\u00f0 h\u00fasin eru ekki of h\u00e1 og standa j\u00f6fn,\u201c eins og P\u00e9tur bendir \u00e1.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00deessar hugmyndir eru \u00e1 sinn h\u00e1tt skiljanlegar, \u00ed lj\u00f3si h\u00f6rmunga hildarleiksins sem fyrri heimsstyrj\u00f6ldin var, en hafa aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti ekki allar elst vel. P\u00e9tur nefnir \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi einn nafntoga\u00f0asta arkitekt 20. aldar, hinn svissnesk-franska Charles-\u00c9douard Jeanneret, sem betur er \u00feekktur undir nafninu Le Corbusier. \u201eHann setti til a\u00f0 mynda fram hugmyndir \u00e1 3. \u00e1ratugnum um a\u00f0 r\u00edfa hluta af mi\u00f0borg Par\u00edsar og reisa \u00fear h\u00e1h\u00fdsi.\u201c<\/p>\n

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\u00cd Grj\u00f3ta\u00feorpinu hefur oft veri\u00f0 tekist \u00e1 um h\u00fasaverndun, og einna heiftarlegastar ur\u00f0u deilurnar um h\u00fasi\u00f0 sem nefnt var Fjalak\u00f6tturinn. Honum var\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 ekki bjarga\u00f0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki laust vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 bla\u00f0ama\u00f0ur hv\u00e1i og P\u00e9tur brosir \u00ed kampinn. Ekki hugna\u00f0ist m\u00f6nnum \u00feessi r\u00f3tt\u00e6ka n\u00e1lgun of vel \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 daga og l\u00e1i \u00feeim hver sem vill; f\u00e6stir myndu vilja skipta \u00e1 2. og 3. hverfi Par\u00edsar eins og vi\u00f0 \u00feekkjum \u00fea\u00f0, og f\u00e1 \u00ed sta\u00f0inn blokkar\u00feyrpingu \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 sem Bauhaus-fr\u00f6mu\u00f0urinn Walter Gropius teikna\u00f0i sem stendur \u00ed Berl\u00edn og k\u00f6llu\u00f0 er Gropiusstadt, einna \u00feekktust fyrir a\u00f0 vera heldur \u00f6murlegt s\u00f6gusvi\u00f0 b\u00f3karinnar D\u00fdragar\u00f0sb\u00f6rnin. En \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00f6nnur og verri saga.
\n\u201eHafa ver\u00f0ur \u00ed huga a\u00f0 hugmyndin er kannski sett fram \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma sem \u00e1kve\u00f0in \u00f6grun gagnvart \u00fev\u00ed sem honum \u00fe\u00f3tti g\u00f6mul og \u00farelt gildi. Le Corbusier var byltingarsinni \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma og allt voru \u00feetta ja\u00f0arhugmyndir en \u00fea\u00f0 t\u00f3kst a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3a \u00fe\u00e6r. \u00dea\u00f0 voru bygg\u00f0ar mj\u00f6g skemmtilegar f\u00fanksj\u00f3narl\u00edskar byggingar \u00e1 \u00e1runum fram a\u00f0 seinni heimsstyrj\u00f6ld en ekki \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00edfa heilu borgarhlutana til a\u00f0 koma \u00feeim fyrir. \u00dea\u00f0 var veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 byggja n\u00fd hverfi fyrir verkamenn og b\u00e6ta h\u00fdb\u00fdli \u00feeirra, og \u00fe\u00e1 kemur \u00feessi fallega hugsj\u00f3n \u2013 a\u00f0 megin vi\u00f0fangsefni frams\u00e6kinnar byggingarlistar eigi ekki a\u00f0 vera \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na andlegu og veraldlegu valdi og b\u00faa til leiktj\u00f6ld fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 sem hafa v\u00f6ld og peninga, heldur \u00e6tti \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 leysa h\u00fasakost almennings, og n\u00fdta n\u00fdja t\u00e6kni til a\u00f0 allur almenningur ver\u00f0i gert kleift a\u00f0 eignast fallegt og heilsusamlegt h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i.\u201c<\/p>\n

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Horft eftir Austurstr\u00e6ti. Sumt hefur veri\u00f0 rifi\u00f0, en gamla Morgunbla\u00f0sh\u00f6llin stendur enn \u00ed hjarta Grj\u00f3ta\u00feorpsins.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Fur\u00f0anlega frams\u00fdnir \u00cdslendingar<\/h5>\n

\u00deetta er mj\u00f6g g\u00f6fug hugsj\u00f3n, eins og P\u00e9tur bendir \u00e1, ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur en aldam\u00f3tahugsj\u00f3nin um borgina sem heildst\u00e6tt listaverk me\u00f0 kirkjum og skrautbyggingum, brei\u00f0g\u00f6tum og \u00fev\u00eduml\u00edku. \u201e\u00dear var l\u00edka kominn \u00e1kve\u00f0inn m\u00f3dernismi, m\u00e1 segja, \u00fev\u00ed menn eins og Gu\u00f0j\u00f3n Sam\u00faelsson arkitekt og Gu\u00f0mundur Hannesson l\u00e6knir l\u00f6g\u00f0u \u00e1herslu \u00e1 s\u00f3larbirtu og heilsusamleg sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0, gr\u00f3\u00f0ur, h\u00fas \u00e6ttu ekki a\u00f0 vera of h\u00e1 og anna\u00f0 sl\u00edkt.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00c1 daginn kemur a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar voru b\u00fdsna frams\u00fdnir \u00feegar kom a\u00f0 arkitekt\u00far og skipulagi \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma. \u201e\u00deegar menn h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi byrja a\u00f0 hugsa um skipulag bygg\u00f0ar og \u00fe\u00e9ttb\u00fdlis \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u2013 \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0 \u00e1 skrifum Gu\u00f0j\u00f3ns, og b\u00f3kar Gu\u00f0mundar sem kom \u00fat 1916 sem er \u00e1kaflega merkileg b\u00f3k enda grunnurinn a\u00f0 fyrstu \u00edslensku skipulagsl\u00f6ggj\u00f6finni \u2013 voru sam\u00feykkt l\u00f6g \u00e1ri\u00f0 1921 um skipulag b\u00e6ja og sj\u00e1var\u00feorpa,\u201c bendir P\u00e9tur \u00e1. \u201e\u00deetta var mj\u00f6g frams\u00e6kin l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f, meira a\u00f0 segja \u00ed norr\u00e6nu samhengi. \u00cdslendingar voru \u00fearna \u00e1 t\u00edmabili nokku\u00f0 frams\u00e6knir \u00ed \u00feessum efnum. Skipulagsnefndin var svo skipu\u00f0 \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00feeim Gu\u00f0j\u00f3ni og Gu\u00f0mundi \u00e1samt Geir Zo\u00ebga vegam\u00e1lastj\u00f3ri, og \u00feetta \u00fer\u00edeyki vann alveg \u00f3tr\u00falega merka vinnu \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu fram undir seinni heimsstyrj\u00f6ld, og lag\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed rauninni grunninn a\u00f0 skipulagi Reykjav\u00edkur og annarra helstu b\u00e6ja.\u201c<\/p>\n

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N\u00fdja mi\u00f0borgin \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur sumpart veri\u00f0 framkv\u00e6mt \u00ed takt vi\u00f0 byltingarkenndar hugmyndir Le Corbusier fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 3. \u00e1ratugnum; hluti mi\u00f0borgar rifinn og h\u00e1h\u00fdsi bygg\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0inn.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 var og. \u00dea\u00f0 voru semsagt komnar \u00e1 bor\u00f0i\u00f0 hugmyndir h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi fyrir hundra\u00f0 \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0an um heppilegt skipulag og arkitekt\u00far. Hef\u00f0i ekki m\u00e1tt \u00e6tla a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0an \u00ed fr\u00e1 yr\u00f0i vinna af \u00fev\u00ed taginu \u00e1 beinu brautinni? A\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed gefnu a\u00f0 h\u00e9r s\u00e9 um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u201ereynsluv\u00edsindi\u201c eins og P\u00e9tur tala\u00f0i um h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan? Ekki er \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00fa svo einfalt. \u201e\u00c9g hef oft haft or\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed vi\u00f0 kollega m\u00edna og a\u00f0ra sem hafa me\u00f0 skipulagsm\u00e1l a\u00f0 gera, a\u00f0 segjum sem svo a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 s\u00e9um a\u00f0 skipuleggja n\u00fdtt hverfi \u00ed \u00fatja\u00f0ri Reykjav\u00edkur, til d\u00e6mis \u00e1 Geldinganesi, hvar eigum vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 leita fyrirmynda? \u00de\u00e1 myndi \u00e9g segja, b\u00edddu vi\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 bygg\u00f0 hverfi \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk eins og \u00fear sem var byggt innan Hringbrautar \u00e1 3. \u00e1ratugnum, \u00fea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 segja hverfi\u00f0 \u00ed kringum Landakotskirkju, \u00c1svallagatan, \u00ed kringum elliheimili\u00f0 Grund, Hringbrautin og g\u00f6mlu verkamannab\u00fasta\u00f0irnir, \u00fear sem sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0i og a\u00f0 skapa manneskjulegt og gott umhverfi \u00ed tilt\u00f6lulega \u00fe\u00e9ttri bygg\u00f0, \u00fe\u00f3 \u00feannig a\u00f0 h\u00fasin eru ekki of h\u00e1 og standa j\u00f6fn. \u00deetta er bygg\u00f0armynstur sem er mj\u00f6g heppilegt me\u00f0 tilliti til skj\u00f3lmyndunar og s\u00f3larlj\u00f3ss \u2013 af hverju notum vi\u00f0 ekki \u00feetta sem grunn til frekari \u00fer\u00f3unar frekar en a\u00f0 koma me\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 alveg n\u00fdtt? Af hverju byggjum vi\u00f0 ekki \u00e1 \u00feessum grunni og \u00fer\u00f3um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1fram mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 forsendur n\u00fat\u00edmans? \u201e\u00cd nafni reynsluv\u00edsinda?\u201c<\/p>\n

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Horft fr\u00e1 Seltjarnarnesi \u00e1 Regnboga yfir Ei\u00f0isgranda \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
D\u00e6mi um vel skipulagt hverfi<\/h5>\n

\u00dev\u00ed eins og P\u00e9tur nefnir, \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 byrja fr\u00e1 grunni mannsheilanum eiginlega ofvi\u00f0a. \u201e\u00deetta er bara of fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 fyrirb\u00e6ri til \u00feess! \u00cd \u00feessu sambandi bendi \u00e9g \u00e1 eitt sem m\u00e9r finnst athyglisvert. \u00deegar hinn \u00feekkti skipulagsma\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 Danm\u00f6rku, Peder Bredsdorff, var kalla\u00f0ur hinga\u00f0 til lands \u00e1ri\u00f0 1960 til a\u00f0 vinna n\u00fdtt a\u00f0alskipulag fyrir Reykjav\u00edk, \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00e1 hann g\u00e6\u00f0in \u00ed \u00feessum hverfum, til d\u00e6mis \u00ed g\u00f6mlu verkamannab\u00fast\u00f6\u00f0unum \u00ed Vesturb\u00e6num sem Gunnlaugur Halld\u00f3rsson teikna\u00f0i, tveggja h\u00e6\u00f0a bygg\u00f0, samfellt, l\u00e1greist. En um h\u00e1u blokkirnar vi\u00f0 S\u00f3lheima og Austurbr\u00fan sag\u00f0i hann: \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 ekki a\u00f0 byggja fleiri h\u00e1h\u00fdsi \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk. \u00dea\u00f0 hentar ekki loftslaginu, og er ekki heppilegur byggingarm\u00e1ti. Horfi\u00f0 frekar aftur til \u00feess sem var gert \u00ed Vesturb\u00e6num \u00e1 3. og 4. \u00e1ratugnum. Hann beitti s\u00ednum \u00e1hrifum \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00ed skipulagi Ne\u00f0ra-Brei\u00f0holts og \u00ed \u00c1rb\u00e6num var unni\u00f0 mj\u00f6g manneskjulegt skipulag af Stef\u00e1ni J\u00f3nssyni arkitekt og Reyni Vilhj\u00e1lmssyni landslagsarkitekt sem var innbl\u00e1si\u00f0 af gamla Vesturb\u00e6num. Skj\u00f3lmyndun, gar\u00f0sv\u00e6\u00f0i, og svo framvegis \u2013 \u00feetta vil \u00e9g meina a\u00f0 s\u00e9 fallegt d\u00e6mi um hvernig menn \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0u eitthva\u00f0 n\u00fdtt \u00ed takt vi\u00f0 s\u00edna samt\u00ed\u00f0 \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem reynst haf\u00f0i vel vi\u00f0 \u00edslenskar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00e9tting bygg\u00f0ar hefur villst \u00e1 s\u00e9rkennilegar brautir<\/h5>\n

P\u00e9tur bendir \u00ed framhaldinu \u00e1 Fossvoginn sem vel heppna\u00f0 hverfi hva\u00f0 skipulag var\u00f0ar, \u201eHann var a\u00f0 einhverju leyti hugsa\u00f0ur fyrir tekjuh\u00e6rri h\u00f3pa en \u00fear er samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00e1kve\u00f0in bl\u00f6ndun og \u00fear er \u00feessi hugsun um \u00fe\u00e9tta og l\u00e1ga bygg\u00f0 mj\u00f6g \u00ed h\u00e1vegum h\u00f6f\u00f0. Hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0in \u00fear gekk \u00fat \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 fara gangandi um allt hverfi\u00f0 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 fara yfir b\u00edlag\u00f6tu, og auk \u00feess eru ra\u00f0h\u00fasin m\u00f6rg hver ekki vi\u00f0 b\u00edlag\u00f6tu heldur vi\u00f0 gangst\u00edg. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 gangst\u00edgakerfi\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0al umfer\u00f0arkerfi\u00f0 \u00ed hverfinu. \u00dearna er \u00e1 fer\u00f0inni falleg hugsj\u00f3n sem m\u00e9r finnst \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0 hafa fennt yfir.\u201c
\nH\u00e9r erum vi\u00f0 P\u00e9tur komnir \u00ed samt\u00edmann og \u00fea\u00f0 sem hefur veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 gerast hin seinni \u00e1r. Eins og hann bendir \u00e1 er einn anginn af \u00feessu vi\u00f0fangsefni \u2013 a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 skilja og m\u00f3ta borgina \u2013 hin margumtala\u00f0a \u201e\u00fe\u00e9tting bygg\u00f0ar\u201c sem er a\u00f0 hans s\u00f6gn ekki alveg r\u00e9tt \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00e1 enska hugtakinu sem er \u201eUrban Renaissance\u201c sem merkir a\u00f0 endurvekja hef\u00f0bundna borgarmynd a\u00f0 einhverju leyti. \u201eEn \u00ed upphaflegu hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0inni eins og h\u00fan er sett fram af breska arkitektinum Richard Rogers, \u00fe\u00e1 talar hann um a\u00f0 taka fyrir \u00f3n\u00fdtt sv\u00e6\u00f0i innan borga \u2013 i\u00f0na\u00f0arsv\u00e6\u00f0i, j\u00e1rnbrautarteina sem eru h\u00e6tti a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na tilgangi s\u00ednum og byggja \u00fear upp borgarhverfi. En \u00fear er alveg sk\u00fdrt kve\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 um a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 eigi a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a til \u00feess a\u00f0 auka g\u00e6\u00f0i borgarinnar, skapa f\u00e9lagslega fj\u00f6lbreytni og fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega m\u00f3tun og \u00fear talar hann um a\u00f0 byggja randbygg\u00f0, me\u00f0 einhvers konar verslunar- og atvinnustarfsemi \u00e1 g\u00f6tuh\u00e6\u00f0 og h\u00fasi\u00f0 s\u00e9 alls ekki h\u00e6rra en fj\u00f3rar h\u00e6\u00f0ir. Hann setur m\u00f6rkin sk\u00fdrt vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0.\u201c
\nP\u00e9tur bendir \u00e1 a\u00f0 umr\u00e6tt hugtak hafi s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00fer\u00f3ast inn \u00e1 mj\u00f6g s\u00e9rkennilegar brautir h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi, me\u00f0 kynningum um a\u00f0 byggja eigi sj\u00f6, \u00e1tta og jafnvel n\u00edu h\u00e6\u00f0a randbyggingar sem standa alveg \u00fati vi\u00f0 g\u00f6tu. Hann minnir \u00e1 hina merku b\u00f3k Gu\u00f0mundar Hannessonar \u2013 fr\u00e1 1916, vel a\u00f0 merkja \u2013 og a\u00f0 \u00feetta n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega \u00fea\u00f0 sem hann er a\u00f0 vara \u00fear vi\u00f0; a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar eigi a\u00f0 varast a\u00f0 byggja eins og menn h\u00f6f\u00f0u gert \u00fear sem voru \u00fe\u00e1 n\u00fdjustu hverfin \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn, 19. aldar h\u00fasin \u00ed kringum v\u00f6tnin, \u00e1 sj\u00f6 e\u00f0a \u00e1tta h\u00e6\u00f0um me\u00f0 skrautlegri framhli\u00f0 en svo eru einhverjir skuggalegir bakgar\u00f0ar \u00fear sem f\u00e1t\u00e6ka f\u00f3lki\u00f0 bj\u00f3. \u201e\u00devert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti hvatti Gu\u00f0mundur til \u00feess a\u00f0 byggt yr\u00f0i l\u00e6gra, svo allar \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0ir nj\u00f3ti s\u00f3lar og skj\u00f3ls. En \u00fea\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 erum a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 bara \u00e1 allra s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi, til d\u00e6mis H\u00e9\u00f0insreiturinn \u00ed Vesturb\u00e6 Reykjav\u00edkur og hverfi\u00f0 fyrir ofan Sm\u00e1ralind, eru \u00e1tta til n\u00edu h\u00e6\u00f0a h\u00fas vi\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f6ngar g\u00f6tur. Ma\u00f0ur s\u00e9r ekki lengur landslagi\u00f0 og fj\u00f6llin, \u00ed hverfi sem manni vir\u00f0ist drifi\u00f0 \u00e1fram af hagna\u00f0arsj\u00f3narmi\u00f0um og \u00fearna finnst m\u00e9r b\u00e6\u00f0i upphaflega hugsj\u00f3nin aldam\u00f3tamannanna um borgina sem listaverk og eins hugsj\u00f3nin um a\u00f0 skapa g\u00e6\u00f0ah\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 sem minnst eiga, m\u00e9r finnst \u00fe\u00e6r hafa fari\u00f0 fyrir b\u00ed h\u00e9rna.\u201c<\/p>\n

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P\u00e9tur H. \u00c1rmannsson, arkitekt og svi\u00f0sstj\u00f3ri hj\u00e1 Minjastofnun<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Frekar teki\u00f0 mark \u00e1 fasteignas\u00f6lum<\/h5>\n

Hluti af vandanum er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 s\u00f6gn P\u00e9turs a\u00f0 a\u00f0 byggingari\u00f0na\u00f0urinn \u00ed dag er ekki a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0a \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 b\u00faa \u00ed heldur sem fj\u00e1rfestingarv\u00f6ru. \u00deetta s\u00e9 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legt vandam\u00e1l \u00ed fj\u00f6m\u00f6rgum borgum erlendis \u00fear sem heilu h\u00e1h\u00fdsahverfin s\u00e9u a\u00f0 r\u00edsa \u00fear sem ekki s\u00e9 b\u00fai\u00f0 nema \u00ed litlum hluta af \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0unum. \u201e\u00cdb\u00fa\u00f0irnar eru bara bankah\u00f3lf \u2013 \u00feetta eru fj\u00e1rfestar sem eru a\u00f0 geyma f\u00e9 sitt \u00ed fasteignum. \u00deeir sem byggja blokkirnar hafa meira upp \u00far \u00feessu en a\u00f0 byggja \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0ir fyrir almenning, og p\u00f3lit\u00edkin hefur a\u00f0 m\u00ednu viti ekki \u00e1tta\u00f0 sig \u00e1 \u00feessu. Mannl\u00edfi\u00f0 geldur fyrir.\u201c P\u00e9tur b\u00e6tir vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 me\u00f0 \u00f3l\u00edkindum sem er a\u00f0 gerast \u00ed dag, \u00ed nafni stefnu sem k\u00f6llu\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 \u201e\u00fe\u00e9tting bygg\u00f0ar,\u201c og a\u00f0 \u00fearna hafi eitthva\u00f0 fari\u00f0 miki\u00f0 \u00farskei\u00f0is. \u201e\u00deessi \u00fe\u00e9ttingarstefna er \u00ed grunninn, eins og allar a\u00f0rar, bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 g\u00f3\u00f0ri hugsun, en lei\u00f0in til heljar er v\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0um \u00e1setningi, eins og \u00fear stendur. \u00c9g bara skil ekki \u00e1 hva\u00f0a vegfer\u00f0 menn eru, a\u00f0 reisa svona skuggaborgir.\u201c
\nA\u00f0 mati P\u00e9turs m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 hin h\u00faman\u00edska humyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed skipulagi annars vegar og fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg hugsun hins vegar, \u00fea\u00f0 hafi allt veri\u00f0 l\u00e1ti\u00f0 v\u00edkja fyrir hagna\u00f0ardrifnum sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0um. Frekar s\u00e9 \u00fearna teki\u00f0 mark \u00e1 fasteignas\u00f6lum en f\u00f3lki sem er b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera m\u00f6rg \u00e1r \u00ed h\u00e1sk\u00f3la a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra a\u00f0 m\u00f3ta umhverfi. \u201e\u00c9g held a\u00f0 \u00fearna s\u00e9 \u00e1 fer\u00f0inni skortur \u00e1 gagnr\u00fdnni umr\u00e6\u00f0u. \u00c9g hef oft sagt vi\u00f0 skipulagsf\u00f3lk a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera st\u00f6\u00f0ugt g\u00e6\u00f0amat \u00feegar byggt er n\u00fdtt hverfi, n\u00fdr borgarhluti, \u00fe\u00e1 eiga menn a\u00f0 setjast ni\u00f0ur og sko\u00f0a hverjar voru forsendurnar fyrir \u00feessu hverfi, hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0in, \u00e1herslurnar, hvernig t\u00f3kst til og hverskonar umhverfi hefur tekist a\u00f0 skapa. N\u00e1\u00f0ust \u00feau markmi\u00f0 sem lagt var upp me\u00f0 e\u00f0a eru \u00feau a\u00f0 einhverju leyti takm\u00f6rku\u00f0 \u2013 hva\u00f0 getum vi\u00f0 l\u00e6rt af \u00feessu hverfi? Og svo l\u00e6rum vi\u00f0 af \u00fev\u00ed fyrir n\u00e6sta hverfi. \u00cd nafni reynsluv\u00edsinda \u00e6tti \u00feannig hvert hverfi a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a \u00f6rl\u00edti\u00f0 betra en hverfi\u00f0 \u00e1 undan, frekar en a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 s\u00e9um a\u00f0 finna upp hj\u00f3li\u00f0 endalaust.\u201c<\/p>\n

Fallegt umhverfi hefur \u00e1hrif \u00e1 vell\u00ed\u00f0an<\/h5>\n

A\u00f0 endingu geldur P\u00e9tur varhug vi\u00f0 erlendum hugmyndum og t\u00edskustraumum, og hann \u00edtrekar a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 hann geti teki\u00f0 undir margt \u00ed hugmyndinni um \u00fe\u00e9ttingu bygg\u00f0ar, \u00fe\u00e1 telji hann hana \u00e1 villig\u00f6tum eins og h\u00fan er \u00ed dag. \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 held \u00e9g a\u00f0 s\u00e9 af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 einhvern veginn hafa hagna\u00f0ardrifin sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 \u00feeirra sem eru a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0a byggingarnar algerlega teki\u00f0 yfir og \u00feeir sem eru a\u00f0 tala fyrir fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0i og f\u00e9lagslegum sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0um hafa bara or\u00f0i\u00f0 undir \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0unni og \u00fear me\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00f3tuninni. \u201eFallegt umhverfi sn\u00fdst um l\u00edfsg\u00e6\u00f0i, eins og Gu\u00f0j\u00f3n Sam\u00faelsson sag\u00f0i for\u00f0um \u00ed sinni fyrstu grein \u2013 a\u00f0 fallegt umhverfi hefur \u00e1hrif b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 andlega og l\u00edkamlega vell\u00ed\u00f0an almennings,\u201c bendir P\u00e9tur \u00e1. \u201e\u00deess vegna skiptir skipulag og byggingarlist svo \u00f3tr\u00falega miklu m\u00e1li, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 almenningur hefur l\u00edti\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja hvernig umhverfi hans er. Hann ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 treysta kj\u00f6rnum fulltr\u00faum fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 beita \u00e1hrifum s\u00ednum og \u00fea\u00f0 er alltaf a\u00f0 minnka og minnka a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk geti haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 umhverfi sitt, \u00fev\u00ed mi\u00f0ur. \u00dea\u00f0 er mikill \u00e1byrg\u00f0arhluti a\u00f0 teikna byggingar og m\u00f3ta umhverfi f\u00f3lks. H\u00f6nnunar- og \u00fer\u00f3unarvinnan er afar mikilv\u00e6g og m\u00e9r finnst h\u00fan hafa veri\u00f0 vanr\u00e6kt h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum vanr\u00e6kt tenginguna vi\u00f0 n\u00e1tt\u00faruna, sem er \u00fea\u00f0 sem erlendir gestir taka eftir og tala um \u00feegar \u00feeir koma til Reykjav\u00edkur, \u00fea\u00f0 er samspil bygg\u00f0ar vi\u00f0 n\u00e1tt\u00faruna allt um kring. A\u00f0 sj\u00e1 \u00fat \u00e1 sundin bl\u00e1 af og til \u00feegar gengi\u00f0 er ni\u00f0ur Laugarveginn, e\u00f0a sj\u00e1 glitta \u00ed Reykjanesfjallgar\u00f0inn \u00feegar sta\u00f0i\u00f0 er ni\u00f0ri vi\u00f0 Reykjav\u00edkurtj\u00f6rn. \u00dea\u00f0 er tengingin vi\u00f0 \u00feetta l\u00edfr\u00e6na sem vi\u00f0 eigum a\u00f0 leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 og standa v\u00f6r\u00f0 um.\u201c<\/p>\n

Texti: J\u00f3n Agnar \u00d3lason<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u00e9tur H. \u00c1rmannsson, arkitekt og svi\u00f0sstj\u00f3ri hj\u00e1 Minjastofnun, er me\u00f0 fr\u00f3\u00f0ari m\u00f6nnum um byggingars\u00f6gu \u00cdslands, strauma, stefnur og st\u00f3rvirki \u00ed arkitekt\u00far h\u00e9rlendis. \u00dear sem miki\u00f0 er um framkv\u00e6mdir \u00ed borgarlandinu um \u00feessar mundir \u00e1kva\u00f0 bla\u00f0ama\u00f0ur a\u00f0 setjast me\u00f0 P\u00e9tri og r\u00e6\u00f0a skipulagsm\u00e1l \u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0um skilningi, sko\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1 vegfer\u00f0 sem Reykjav\u00edk og n\u00e1grenni er \u00e1 \u00ed \u00feeim efnum og margt anna\u00f0 sem l\u00fdtur a\u00f0 h\u00f6nnun h\u00fasa og umhverfis okkar h\u00e9rlendis. \u201eSkipulagsm\u00e1l eru sennilega eitt af fl\u00f3knustu vi\u00f0fangsefnum sem mannskepnan gl\u00edmir vi\u00f0, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":414504,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1088,1096,21310,1390,18969],"tags":[21343,9236],"class_list":["post-414497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greinar","category-hofudborgarsvaedid","category-land-og-saga-issue-48","category-myndasafn","category-skipulagsmal","tag-einar-t-thorteinsson","tag-skipulag"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201eVi\u00f0 eigum a\u00f0 standa v\u00f6r\u00f0 um samspil bygg\u00f0ar og n\u00e1tt\u00faru\u201c - 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